🔍 CEH Module 2: Scanning and Enumeration – The Art of Finding Open Doors
🔍 CEH Module 2: Scanning and Enumeration – The Art of Finding Open Doors
Welcome back to our Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) series. After gathering initial intel in Module 1: Information Gathering, it's time to go a step further with Module 2: Scanning and Enumeration.
In this phase, ethical hackers perform active reconnaissance — probing the target system to discover open ports, running services, OS versions, and network vulnerabilities.
Let’s dive into the most commonly used tools, commands, and websites for scanning and enumeration.
🧠 What is Scanning?
Scanning involves sending packets to a target and analyzing responses. It helps hackers (and security professionals) know what services are live and how they can be exploited.
🎯 What is Enumeration?
Enumeration digs deeper after scanning — extracting detailed information like:
-
Usernames
-
Shared resources
-
Network services
-
System banners
-
SNMP data
⚒️ Top Tools & Commands for Scanning and Enumeration
✅ 1. Nmap – The Network Mapper
🔹 Basic Scan:
🔹 Full Scan with OS Detection:
🔹 Port Range Scan:
🔹 Website:
👉 https://nmap.org
🔹 What it does:
Detects live hosts, open ports, OS versions, and services.
✅ 2. Netcat – The Hacker’s Swiss Army Knife
🔹 Banner Grabbing:
🔹 Example:
🔹 What it does:
Connects to ports and displays banner/service info.
✅ 3. Hping3 – Custom Packet Crafter
🔹 SYN Scan:
🔹 What it does:
Sends custom TCP/IP packets for firewall testing and scanning.
✅ 4. Xprobe2 – OS Fingerprinting Tool
🔹 Command:
🔹 What it does:
Identifies the OS of a remote host using ICMP responses.
✅ 5. Enum4linux – SMB Enumeration Tool
🔹 Command:
🔹 What it does:
Extracts usernames, shares, and OS info from Windows systems via SMB.
✅ 6. Nikto – Web Server Scanner
🔹 Command:
🔹 Website:
👉 https://cirt.net/Nikto2
🔹 What it does:
Scans web servers for outdated software, dangerous scripts, and vulnerabilities.
✅ 7. SNMP-Check – Network Device Enumeration
🔹 Command:
🔹 What it does:
Collects system data via SNMP such as device name, uptime, software version.
📊 Online Tools for Port Scanning
| Tool Name | URL | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| YouGetSignal | https://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/open-ports/ | Basic online port check |
| Pentest-Tools | https://pentest-tools.com/network-vulnerability-scanning | Advanced scan reports |
| HackerTarget | https://hackertarget.com/nmap-online-port-scanner/ | Web-based Nmap scanning |
⚠️ Warning & Ethics Reminder
Never scan or enumerate without permission. Scanning is an active test that may trigger alerts or even cause systems to block your IP.
✅ Always test your own devices, lab environments, or use authorized bug bounty targets.
📌 Summary Table
| Tool | Use | Command Example |
|---|---|---|
| Nmap | Port scanning & OS detect | nmap -A target_ip |
| Netcat | Banner grabbing | nc -nv target_ip 80 |
| Hping3 | Firewall/Port testing | hping3 -S -p 80 target_ip |
| Enum4linux | SMB enumeration | enum4linux target_ip |
| Xprobe2 | OS fingerprinting | xprobe2 target_ip |
| Nikto | Web server scan | nikto -h http://target_ip |
| SNMP-Check | SNMP enumeration | snmp-check -t target_ip |
🎯 What’s Next?
In Module 3, we’ll explore Vulnerability Analysis — identifying weaknesses and planning exploit strategies.
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